* | February 19, 1874 Worthington, Minnesota, USA | |
† | March 15, 1953 Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California, USA |
Glenn Mitchell A-Z of Silent Film Comedy, An Illustrated Companion London, 1998 |
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Alfred E. Twomey and Arthur F. McClure The Versatiles, A Study of Supporting Character Actors and Actresses in the American Motion Picture, 1930-1955 South Brunswick and New York - London, 1969 |
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Martin J. Quigley (ed.) The Motion Picture Almanac, Big Stars in Big Pictures Chicago, Ill., 1929 |