* | October 12, 1889 Lafayette, Indiana, USA | |
† | March 8, 1947 Hollywood, California, USA |
Glenn Mitchell A-Z of Silent Film Comedy, An Illustrated Companion London, 1998 |
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Alfred E. Twomey and Arthur F. McClure The Versatiles, A Study of Supporting Character Actors and Actresses in the American Motion Picture, 1930-1955 South Brunswick and New York - London, 1969 |
John Richard Finch and Paul Elby Close-Ups, From the Golden Age of the Silent Cinema South Brunswick and New York - London, 1978 |