* | January 23, 1895 Boston, Massachusetts, USA | |
† | November 25, 1957 Masquers Club, Los Angeles, California, USA |
Glenn Mitchell A-Z of Silent Film Comedy, An Illustrated Companion London, 1998 |
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Ronald L. Smith Who's Who in Comedy, Comedians, Comics and Clowns From Vaudeville to Today's Stand-ups New York, Oxford, 1992 |
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Walter Kerr The Silent Clowns New York, 1975 |
Roy Liebman Silent Film Performers, An Annotated Bibliography of Published, Unpublished and Archival Sources for over 350 Actors and Actresses Jefferson, North Carolina, and London, 1996 |
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Charles Donald Fox Mirrors of Hollywood, with brief biographies of favorite film folk New York, 1925 |
John Richard Finch and Paul Elby Close-Ups, From the Golden Age of the Silent Cinema South Brunswick and New York - London, 1978 |