* | June 28, 1894 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA | |
† | March 3, 1988 Reno, Nevada, USA |
Anthony Slide Silent Players, A Biographical and Autobiographical Study of 100 Silent Film Actors and Actresses Lexington, Ky, 2002 |
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Cedric Osmond Bermingham (editor) Stars of the Screen 1931, A volume of biographies of contemporary actors and actresses engaged in photoplay throughout the world London, [1931] |
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Charles Donald Fox and Milton L. Silver (eds.) Who's Who on the Screen New York City, 1920 |
Denise Lowe An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Women in Early American Films, 1895 - 1930 New York, London, Oxford, 2005 |
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Roy Liebman Silent Film Performers, An Annotated Bibliography of Published, Unpublished and Archival Sources for over 350 Actors and Actresses Jefferson, North Carolina, and London, 1996 |
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Frank N. Magill (ed.) Magill's Cinema Annual 1989, A Survey of the Films of 1988 Pasadena, California; Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1988 p. 459 |
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Martin J. Quigley (ed.) The Motion Picture Almanac, Big Stars in Big Pictures Chicago, Ill., 1929 |
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Charles Donald Fox Mirrors of Hollywood, with brief biographies of favorite film folk New York, 1925 |
John Richard Finch and Paul Elby Close-Ups, From the Golden Age of the Silent Cinema South Brunswick and New York - London, 1978 |
Anthony Slide, Silent Stars Speak, in: Films in Review, vol. 31, 1980 pp. 129-141 |