* | January 6, 1885 New York City, New York, USA | |
† | August 28, 1946 Woodland Hills, California, USA |
Anthony Slide Silent Players, A Biographical and Autobiographical Study of 100 Silent Film Actors and Actresses Lexington, Ky, 2002 |
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Charles Donald Fox and Milton L. Silver (eds.) Who's Who on the Screen New York City, 1920 |
Richard Abel (ed.) Encyclopedia of early cinema London and New York, 2005 |
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Denise Lowe An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Women in Early American Films, 1895 - 1930 New York, London, Oxford, 2005 |
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Roy Liebman Silent Film Performers, An Annotated Bibliography of Published, Unpublished and Archival Sources for over 350 Actors and Actresses Jefferson, North Carolina, and London, 1996 |
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Charles Donald Fox Mirrors of Hollywood, with brief biographies of favorite film folk New York, 1925 |
John Richard Finch and Paul Elby Close-Ups, From the Golden Age of the Silent Cinema South Brunswick and New York - London, 1978 |