* | November 24, 1897 Vilnius, Lithuania, Russian Empire [now Lithuania] | |
† | February 13, 1975 New York City, New York, USA |
Anthony Slide Silent Players, A Biographical and Autobiographical Study of 100 Silent Film Actors and Actresses Lexington, Ky, 2002 |
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John Kobal People Will Talk New York, 1985 |
Roy Liebman Silent Film Performers, An Annotated Bibliography of Published, Unpublished and Archival Sources for over 350 Actors and Actresses Jefferson, North Carolina, and London, 1996 |
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Charles Donald Fox Mirrors of Hollywood, with brief biographies of favorite film folk New York, 1925 |