* | February 17, 1899 Washington, District of Columbia, USA | |
† | February 21, 1996 Los Angeles, California, USA |
Anthony Slide Silent Players, A Biographical and Autobiographical Study of 100 Silent Film Actors and Actresses Lexington, Ky, 2002 |
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Tony Villeco Silent Stars Speak, Interviews with Twelve Cinema Pioneers Jefferson, North Carolina, and London, 2001 |
Beth A. Fhaner, Editor, Devra M. Sladics, Christopher P. Scanlon, and Terry Schell, Contributing Editors Magill's Cinema Annual 1997, 16th Edition. A Survey of the Films of 1996 Detroit; New York; Toronto; London, 1998 |
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Roy Liebman Silent Film Performers, An Annotated Bibliography of Published, Unpublished and Archival Sources for over 350 Actors and Actresses Jefferson, North Carolina, and London, 1996 |
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Charles Donald Fox Mirrors of Hollywood, with brief biographies of favorite film folk New York, 1925 |
Anthony Slide, Silent Stars Speak, in: Films in Review, vol. 31, 1980 pp. 129-141 |