* | April 20, 1897 St. Petersburg, Russia | |
† | December 14, 1960 Solothurn, Switzerland |
David Thomson The New Biographical Dictionary of Film New York, 2003 |
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Larry Langman Destination Hollywood, The Influence of Europeans on American Filmmaking Jefferson, North Carolina, and London, 2000 |
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Alfred E. Twomey and Arthur F. McClure The Versatiles, A Study of Supporting Character Actors and Actresses in the American Motion Picture, 1930-1955 South Brunswick and New York - London, 1969 |