* | August 6, 1892 New York City, New York, USA | |
† | January 6, 1963 Hollywood, California, USA |
Richard Koszarski Hollywood Directors, 1914-1940 New York, 1976 |
David Thomson The New Biographical Dictionary of Film New York, 2003 |
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Paul Michael, editor in chief. James Robert Parish, associate editor The American movies reference book, The sound era Englewood Cliffs, N.J.,, 1969 |
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Martin J. Quigley (ed.) The Motion Picture Almanac, Big Stars in Big Pictures Chicago, Ill., 1929 |