* | September 30, 1882 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | |
† | October 2, 1956 Santa Monica, California |
Mick LaSalle Dangerous Men, Pre-Code Hollywood and the Birth of the Modern Man 2002 |
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George A. Katchmer Eighty silent film stars, Biographies and filmographies of the obscure to the well known Jefferson, North Carolina, and London, 1991 |
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Ray Stuart (ed.) Immortals of the Screen New York, 1965 |
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Cedric Osmond Bermingham (editor) Stars of the Screen 1931, A volume of biographies of contemporary actors and actresses engaged in photoplay throughout the world London, [1931] |
Kay Weniger Das große Personenlexikon des Films, Erster Band. A-C Berlin, 2001 |
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Roy Liebman Silent Film Performers, An Annotated Bibliography of Published, Unpublished and Archival Sources for over 350 Actors and Actresses Jefferson, North Carolina, and London, 1996 |
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James Robert Parish with Earl Anderson, Richard E. Braff, John Robert Cocchi, and Harry Purvis Hollywood Character Actors New Rochelle, New York, 1978 |
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Alfred E. Twomey and Arthur F. McClure The Versatiles, A Study of Supporting Character Actors and Actresses in the American Motion Picture, 1930-1955 South Brunswick and New York - London, 1969 |
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Martin J. Quigley (ed.) The Motion Picture Almanac, Big Stars in Big Pictures Chicago, Ill., 1929 |
John Richard Finch and Paul Elby Close-Ups, From the Golden Age of the Silent Cinema South Brunswick and New York - London, 1978 |