* | March 28, 1880 New York City, New York, USA | |
† | February 18, 1931 Los Angeles, California, USA |
Adrian Stahlecker Film en kunst in ballingschap 1933-1945, Duitse artiesten en kunstenaars op de vlucht voor het naziregime Den Haag, 2000 |
Roy Liebman Silent Film Performers, An Annotated Bibliography of Published, Unpublished and Archival Sources for over 350 Actors and Actresses Jefferson, North Carolina, and London, 1996 |
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Ken D. Jones, Arthur F. McClure, Alfred E. Twomey Character People, The Stalwarts of the Cinema South Brunswick and New York - London, 1976 |
John Richard Finch and Paul Elby Close-Ups, From the Golden Age of the Silent Cinema South Brunswick and New York - London, 1978 |