* | February 22, 1877 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA | |
† | October 28, 1950 Hollywood, California, USA |
Richard Abel (ed.) Encyclopedia of early cinema London and New York, 2005 |
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Kay Weniger Das große Personenlexikon des Films, Zweiter Band, C-F Berlin, 2001 |
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Roy Liebman Silent Film Performers, An Annotated Bibliography of Published, Unpublished and Archival Sources for over 350 Actors and Actresses Jefferson, North Carolina, and London, 1996 |
John Richard Finch and Paul Elby Close-Ups, From the Golden Age of the Silent Cinema South Brunswick and New York - London, 1978 |