* | September 13, 1883 Montechiaro d'Asti, Piedmont, Italy | |
† | June 27, 1959 Turin, Piedmont, Italy |
John C. Tibbetts, James M. Welsh The Encyclopedia of Filmmakers, Volume Two New York, NY, 2002 |
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Tom Pendergast, Sara Pendergast (eds.) International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers, 2. Directors Detroit/New York/San Francisco/London/Boston/Woodbridge, CT, 2000 |
Richard Abel (ed.) Encyclopedia of early cinema London and New York, 2005 |