* | July 15, 1885 New York City, New York, USA | |
† | October 6, 1965 Los Angeles, California, USA |
Glenn Mitchell A-Z of Silent Film Comedy, An Illustrated Companion London, 1998 |
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Glenn Mitchell The Marx Brothers Encyclopedia London, 1996 |
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Alfred E. Twomey and Arthur F. McClure The Versatiles, A Study of Supporting Character Actors and Actresses in the American Motion Picture, 1930-1955 South Brunswick and New York - London, 1969 |