| * | April 2, 1886 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada | |
| † | February 23, 1945 Los Angeles, California, USA |
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Charles Donald Fox and Milton L. Silver (eds.) Who's Who on the Screen New York City, 1920 |
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Larry Langman Destination Hollywood, The Influence of Europeans on American Filmmaking Jefferson, North Carolina, and London, 2000 |